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八下英語期末復習——理解
（1）
Fat and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team. “Football, tennis, cricket— anything with a round ball, I was useless,” he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one always made fun of in school gym chasses in Devonshire, England.
It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. At the age of 18, he ran his first marathon.
The following year, he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’ s School of Adventure in Scotland, where he learned about Ridgway’ s cold-water exploits, Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures, then decided that this would be his future.
In 2001, after becoming a skillful skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition（探險）towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite（凍瘡）, ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit, pulling his supply-loaded sled（雪橇）up and over rocky ice.
Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North pole, and he’s skied more of the North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not believe the change.
Next October, Saunders, 27, heads south from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, a 2900 kilometre journey that has never been completed on skis.
1．What change happened to Saunders after he was 15 years old ?
A．He became good at most sports.B．He began to build up his body.
C．He joined a sports team.D．He made friends with a runner.
2．The underlined word “exploits” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to .
A．journeysB．researches C．adventuresD．operations
3．Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders ?
a．He ran his first marathon.b．He skied alone in the North Pole.
c．he rode his bike in a forest.d．He planned an adventure to the South Pole.
A．acdbB．cdabC．acbdD．cabd
4．What does the story mainly tell us about Saunders ?
A．He is a success in sportsB．He is the best British skier.
C．He is Ridgway’s favorite student. D．He is a good instructor at school.
（2）
If you were to walk up to Arthur Bonner and say, “ Hey, Butterfly Man,” his face would break into a smile. The title suits him. And he loves it.
Arthur Bonner works with the Palos Verdes blue butterfly(蝴蝶), once thought to have died out. Today the butterfly is coming back — thanks to him. But years ago if you’d told him this was what he’d be doing someday, he would have laughed, “ You’re crazy.” As a boy, he used to be “ a little tough guy on the streets”. At age thirteen, he was caught by police stealing. At eighteen, he landed in prison for shooting a man.
“ I knew it had hurt my mom,” Bonner said after he got out of prison. “ So I told myself I would not put my mom through that pain again.”
One day he met Professor Mattoni, who was working to rebuild the habitat(棲息地) for an endangered butterfly called El Segundo blue.
“ I saw the sign ‘ Butterfly Habitat’ and asked, ‘ How can you have a habitat when the butterflies can just fly away?’” Bonner recalls. “ Dr. Mattoni laughed and handed me a magnifying glass(放大鏡) , ‘Look at the leaves.’ I could see all these caterpillars(蝴蝶的幼蟲) on the plant. Dr Mattoni explained, ‘ Without the plant, there are no butterflies.’”
Weeks later, Bonner received a call from Dr. Mattoni, who told him there was a butterfly needed help. That was how he met the Palos Verdes blue. Since then he’s been working for four years to help bring the butterfly back. He grows astragalus, the only plant the butterfly eats. He collects butterflies and brings them into a lab to lay eggs. Then he puts new butterflies into the habitat.
The butterfly’s population, once almost zero, is now up to 900. For their work, Bonner and Dr. Mattoni received lots of awards. But for Bonner, he earned something more: he turned his life around.
For six years now Bonner has kept his promise to stay out of prison. While he’s bringing back the Palos Verdes blue, the butterfly has helped bring him back, too.
1. When he was young, Arthur Bonner _______.
A. broke the law and ended up in prison B. was fond of shooting and hurt his mom
C. often laughed at people on the streets D. often caught butterflies and took them home
2. Bonner came to know the Palos Verdes blue after he _______.
A. found the butterfly had died out B. won many prizes from his professor
C. met Dr. Mattoni, a professor of biology D. collected butterflies and put them into a lab
3. From the last sentence of the text, we learn that raising butterflies has _________.
A. made Bonner famous B. changed Bonner’s life
C. brought Bonner wealth D. enriched Bonner’s knowledge
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. A Promise to Mom B. A Man Saved by Butterflies
C. A Story of Butterflies D. A Job Offered by Dr. Mattoni
（3）
Lions are opportunists．They prefer to eat without having to do too much work．When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on．If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves．A grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of meat at a single feeding．Often they eat until it seems painful for them to lie down．
The lionesses (母獅) , being thinner and faster, are better hunters (獵手) than the males (雄獅)．But the males don’t mind．After the kill they move in and take the best share．
Most kills are made at night or just before daybreak．We have seen many, many daylight attempts but only ten kills．Roughly, it’s about twenty daytime attempts for one kill．
When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole, they wait patiently and can charge at any second．The kill is the exciting moment in the day-to-day life of the lion, since these great animals spend most of their time, about 20 hours a day, sleeping and resting．
Lions are social cats, and when they are having a rest, they love to touch each other．After drinking at a water hole, a lioness rests her head on another’s back．When walking, young lions often touch faces with older ones, an act of close ties among members of the group．
1．By describing lions as “opportunists” in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions ____________ ．
A．are cruel animals B．are clever animals
C．like to take advantage of other animals D．like to take every chance to eat
2．According to the text, which of the following is true?
A．Lions make most kills in the daytime．
B．Males care more about eating than active killing．
C．Lions are curious about things happening around them．
D．It doesn’t take lions too much time to make a kill．
3．How can we know that lions are social animals?
A．They depend on each other． B．They look after each other well．
C．They readily share what they have． D．They enjoy each other’s company．
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Powerful LionsB．Lions at Work and Play
C．Lions, Social CatsD．Lions, Skilled Hunters
（4）
As societies develop, their members start to see things not so much according to what they need, but according to what they want. When people have enough money, these wants become demands.
Now, it' s important for the managers in a company to understand what their customers want if they are going to develop effective marketing strategies (策略). There are various ways of doing this. One way at supermarkets ( 超市), for example, is to interview(采訪) customers while they're doing their shopping. They can be asked what they prefer to buy and then the results of the research can be studied. This provides information on which to base future marketing strategies.
It' s also quite normal for top managers from department stores to spend a day or two each month visiting stores and mixing freely with the public, as if they were ordinary customers, to get an idea of how customers act.
Another way to get information from customers is to give them something. For example, some fast food restaurants give away tickets in magazines or on the street that permit customers to get part of their meal for nothing. As well as being a good way of attracting customers into the restaurants to spend their money, it also allows the managers to get a feel for where to attract customers and which age-groups to attract.
Another strategy used at some well-known parks such as Disneyland is for top managers to spend at least one day in their work, touting the park dressed as Mickey Mouse or something like that. This provides them with a perfect chance to examine the scene and watch the customers without being noticed.
1. The text is designed for _______
A. mangers B. salesmen C. researchers D. customers
2. Which of the following can help managers get useful information?
A. Visiting customers themselves. B. Giving customers free food on the street.
C. Visiting parks as ordinary customers. D. Asking customers questions at supermarkets.
3. What does the word "this" underlined in the last sentence refer to?
A. Visiting Disneyland. B. Wearing attractive clothes.
C. Acting Mickey Mouse. D. Dressing up and walking around.
4. The main idea of the text is _________.
A. how to do market research
B. how to develop marketing strategies
C. how to find out customers' social needs
D. how to encourage customers to spend more money
理解Keys:
（1）1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A
（2）1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B
（3）1. C 2.B 3.D 4.B
（4）1.A 2. D 3. D 4. A

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